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Spring 2007

Biblical Hair Stylist?

Take a look at the illustrations on page 51 of the just-published The Explorer's Bible Volume 2. See Delilah cutting Samson's hair? "Yes, so?" you're saying. "Everyone knows that Delilah cut Samson's hair, causing 'his strength to slip away from him.' What's the problem?"

During the final proofread of the book—the publishing equivalent of the eleventh hour—we noticed that the Hebrew word "va-t'galach" could be translated in the active voice "and she shaved (or cut)" or the passive "and she had shaved (or cut)" which means that Delilah might not have done the cutting herself. Instead, the man she had just "called in" to the room where Samson lay sleeping ("va-tikra la'ish") might have been the barber.

Uh oh: our book was about to go to press and the translation and art showing Delilah doing the cutting might be wrong. What to do? We turned to the experts. Several rabbis, including Rabbi Martin Cohen, Shelter Rock Jewish Center, Roslyn, New York, and Dr. Joel Hoffman, HUC–JIR, New York, offered their insights.

Rabbi Cohen said: "The verse reads 'she put him to sleep on her lap, then called for a man, whereupon she cut seven locks off his head.' The verb va-t'galach is definitely feminine and can only refer to Delilah. So it does not necessarily mean that she called in a barber and he cut the man's hair. It says, mysteriously, she called in a man and then she cut Samson's hair. The commentators Rashi and Radak dispute what it's all about. Rashi says she called a representative of the Philistine overlords in, presumably to witness her cutting his hair. Radak says 'she cut his hair' means 'she had the man cut his hair' or 'she arranged for his hair to be cut' or something like that.


It’s a wonderful way to involve students in a debate of their own.

I think you can rely on the simple meaning of the text (she called a man in, then she cut his hair—Rashi's interpretation) here. Mind you, the former interpretation leaves unresolved who the man was and what he was called in to do. I think you can go either way here."

Dr. Hoffman said: "After looking into it a bit, I am of the opinion that that Delilah cut Samson's hair herself. When it says she 'called out to the man,' it almost certainly does not mean that she 'called in' or 'summoned' a man, because that's not what the Hebrew verb KARA usually means. It may mean that she 'called out' to the man, that is, to Samson, to see if he was really asleep. The LXX Septuagint, the 3rd-century Greek translation of the Tanakh, supports both translations, but the 19th-century English translation of the Greek says the man did the cutting. And I'm a little surprised that all of the other English translations I’ve found also say it was the man who cut the hair. Still, it looks to me like she did it."

So we left the text and the art intact. We'd love to hear your opinion about whether Delilah did the cutting herself. And we think it's a wonderful way to involve your students in a machloket, a debate or dispute, of their own.

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